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Classification of feed

2024-07-13 22:03 Rongda Machinery


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Feed refers to substances that can provide nutrients to animals, regulate physiological functions, improve the quality of animal products under reasonable feeding conditions, and do not have toxic and harmful effects. Feed is the material basis of animal production, in order to make scientific use of feed, it is necessary to establish a modern feed classification system to meet the needs of modern animal production and development. At present, the classification of feeds methods in various countries in the world has not been fully unified. The principles and coding system of feed classification by American scholar L.E. Harris (1956) have been recognized by most scholars so far, and have gradually developed into the basic model of today's feed classification and coding system, which is called the International Feed Classification Method. In the 80s, under the auspices of researcher Zhang Ziyi, China's feed classification method and coding system were proposed according to the combination of international feed classification principles and China's traditional classification system.



Section 1 International Feed Classification Act

According to the nutritional characteristics of the feed, L.E. Harris divides the feed into 8 categories: roughage, green feed, silage, energy feed, protein supplement, mineral feed, vitamin feed and feed additives, and assigns a 6-digit international feeds number (IFN) to each type of feed, the first digit represents the category to which the feed belongs, and the last 5 digits are given codes according to the important attributes of the feed. The code is divided into 3 sections, which are expressed as △-△△-△△△.

  • 1. Forage roughage refers to feed with a crude fiber content greater than or equal to 18% in the dry matter of the feed, and the feed is fed in the form of air-dried matter, such as hay and crop straw. IFN is in the form of 1-00-000.

  • 2. Green fodder Pasture range plants and fed as green fodder refer to green pastures, forage crops, leaves and non-starchy roots, melons and fruits with a natural moisture content of more than 60%. IFN is in the form of 2-00-000.


  • 3. Silage silage refers to the feed made of natural fresh green plant-based feed as raw material, under anaerobic conditions, after microbial fermentation based on lactic acid bacteria, which has the characteristics of green and juicy, such as corn silage. IFN is in the form of 3-00-000.


  • 4. Energy feed Feed with less than 18% crude fiber content and less than 20% crude protein content in the dry matter of the feed is called energy feeds, such as cereals, bran, starchy rhizomes, melons and fruits. IFN is in the form of 4-00-000.


  • 5. Protein supplements Feed with crude fiber content of less than 18% in dry matter and crude protein content greater than or equal to 20% is called protein supplements, such as fishmeal, soybean cake (meal), etc. IFN is in the form of 5-00-000.


  • 6. Mineral feed Mineral feed refers to the chelate of natural minerals, chemical synthesis of inorganic salts and organic ligands and metal ions that can be used for feeding. IFN is in the form of 6-00-000.


  • 7. Vitamin feed A single or complex vitamin synthesized or extracted by industry is called vitamin feed (Vitamins), but it does not include natural green feed rich in vitamins. IFN is in the form of 7-00-000.


  • 8. Feed additives In order to facilitate the digestion and absorption of nutrients, improve feed quality, promote animal growth and reproduction, and ensure animal health, a small amount or trace substances incorporated into the feed are called feed additives (feeds additive), but do not include mineral elements, vitamins, amino acids and other nutrient additives IFN form is 8-00-000.

Table 4-1 Principles of International Feed Classification



Feed category

Feed code

Basis for classification of feed categories (%)

Moisture

(% of natural moisture)

Fiber

(% dry matter)

Crude protein

(% dry matter)

roughage

green feed

silage

Energy feed

Protein supplements

Minerals

vitamin

Feed additives

1—00—000

2—00—000

3—00—000

4—00—000

5—00—000

6—00—000

7—00—000

8—00—000

<45

≥45

≥45

<45

<45


≥18

<18

<18





<20

≥20







Section 2 China's Feed Classification Law


Zhang Ziyi et al. (1987) established China's feed database management system and feed classification method. First according to the principle of international feed classification, the feed is divided into 8 categories, and then combined with the traditional Chinese feed classification habits into 16 subcategories, the combination of the two, so far there may be 37 categories, each type of feed is crowned with the corresponding Chinese feed code (Chinese feeds number, CFN), a total of 7 digits, the first is IFN, the 2nd and 3rd digits are CFN subclass numbers, and the 4th to 7th digits are sequential numbers. The code is divided into 3 sections, which are expressed as △-△△-△△△△.


1. Green and juicy feed

Cultivated grasses, meadow grasses, wild vegetables, fresh vines and partially immature cereal plants with a natural moisture content of 45% or more fall are included in this category. The CFN form is 2-01-0000.


2. Leaf feed

There are two types of leaves: harvested leaves are fed fresh, and the natural moisture content of more than 45% is green feed. The CFN form is 2-02-0000. The harvested leaves are fed after drying, and the crude fiber content in the dry matter is greater than or equal to 18%, such as locust leaves, pine needles, etc. The CFN form is 1-02-0000.


3. Silage

There are 3 types of silage: one is silage made from fresh plant-based feed, and the general moisture content is 65%~75% conventional silage. The second is low moisture silage, also known as semi-dry silage (haylage), which is made of semi-dry green plants with a natural moisture content of 45%~55%. The first and second types of CFN are both 3-03-0000. The third is grain silage, which uses fresh corn and wheat seeds as the main raw materials, which are stored in a closed silage equipment without drying, and fermented by lactic acid, and its moisture is about 28%~35%. According to the nutrient content, it is energy feed, but from the analysis of the preparation method, it is silage. The CFN form is 4-03-0000.


4. Feed for roots, tubers, melons and fruits

There are 2 types: roots, tubers, gourd fruits with a natural moisture content greater than or equal to 45%, such as carrots, turnips, forage beets, etc., and the CFN form is 2-04-0000 when freshly fed. The content of crude fiber and crude protein in the dry matter after dehydration of this kind of feed is low, and it is an energy feed such as dried sweet potato and dried cassava. For dry feeding, the CFN form is 4-04-0000.


5. Hay feed

Hay (hays) include dehydrated or air-dried grasses of cultivated or wild pastures with a moisture content of less than 15%. Hay briquettes with a moisture content of 15%~25% also belong to this category. There are three types: the first category refers to roughage if the crude fiber content in the dry matter is greater than or equal to 18%, and the CFN form is 1-05-0000; the second category refers to the crude fiber content in the dry matter is less than 18%, and the crude protein content is less than 20%, which is energy feed, such as high-quality grass meal, and the CFN form is 4-05-0000; the third category refers to some high-quality leguminous hay, and the crude protein content in the dry matter is greater than or equal to 20%, and the crude fiber content is less than 18%, such as alfalfa or milk vetch hay meal, is a protein feed, CFN form is 5-05-0000.


6. Feed for agricultural and sideline products

There are three types of agricultural byproducts, one is that the crude fiber content in the dry matter is greater than or equal to 18%, such as straw, pods, shells, etc., all belong to roughage, and the CFN form is 1-06-0000; the second is that the crude fiber content in the dry matter is less than 18%, and the crude protein content is less than 20%, which is energy feed, and the CFN form is 4-06- 0000 (rare); the third is that the crude fiber content in the dry matter is less than 18%, and the crude protein content is greater than or equal to 20%, which belongs to protein feed, and the CFN form is 5-06-0000 (rare).


7. Cereal feed

In the dry matter of cereals-grains, the crude fiber content is generally less than 18%, and the crude protein content is also less than 20%, such as corn, rice, etc., which is energy feed, and the CFN form is 4-07-0000.


8. Bran feed

There are two types of bran feed (milling byproducts): one is the crude fiber content of the feed dry matter is less than 18%, the crude protein content is less than 20% of the rice milling, milling by-products, such as wheat bran, rice bran, etc., is the energy feed CFN form of 4-08-0000. The second is the low-grade by-products after grain processing, such as general bran, raw grain bran, etc., the crude fiber content in the dry matter is more than 18%, which belongs to roughage, and the CFN form is 1-08-0000.


9. Legumes feed

There are two types of bean feed: the crude protein content in the solid matter of bean seeds is greater than or equal to 20%, and the crude fiber content is less than 18%, which is protein feed, such as soybeans, etc., in the form of CFN is 5-09-0000, and the crude protein content in the dry matter of individual bean seeds is less than 20%, such as climbing beans in Jiangsu, which belongs to energy feed, and the CFN form is 4-09-0000.


10. Cake feed

There are three types of cake (cake) meal: crude protein in dry matter is greater than or equal to 20%, crude fiber content is less than 18%, most of the cake belongs to this, for protein feed, CFN form is 5-10-0000, dry matter crude fiber content is greater than or equal to 18% of the cake class, even if the crude protein content in the dry matter is greater than or equal to 20%, it still belongs to roughage, such as some shelled sunflower seed cake and cottonseed cake, CFN form is 1-10- There are also some cake feed, the crude protein content in the dry matter is less than 20%, the crude fiber content is less than 18%, such as rice bran cake, corn germ cake, etc., it belongs to the energy feed, CFN form is 4-08-0000.


11. Residue feed

There are three types of distiller's dried grain soluble (DDGS; distiller's dried grain, DDG pulp etc.): those with crude fiber content greater than or equal to 18% in dry matter belong to roughage, and the CFN form is 1-11-0000; Sugar beet residue, etc., the CFN form is 4-11-0000, and the crude protein content in the dry matter is greater than or equal to 20%, and the crude fiber content is less than 18%, which is protein feed, such as brewer's grains and tofu residue containing more protein, and the CFN form is 5-11-0000.


12. Grass seed tree feed

There are three types of seed of grass and trees: the crude fiber content in the dry matter is greater than or equal to 18%, such as gray rapeseed, etc., and the CFN form is 1-12-0000, and the crude fiber content in the dry matter is less than 18%, and the crude protein content is less than 20%, which is energy feed, such as dry dates, etc., and the CFN form is: 4-12— 0000;Crude fiber content in dry matter is less than 18% and crude protein content is greater than or equal to 20%, it is protein feed, but it is rare, CFN form is: 5-12-0000.


13. Animal feed

There are three types of feed of animal source: animal products derived from fisheries and animal husbandry and their processing by-products. The crude protein content in the dry matter is greater than or equal to 20% is protein feed, such as: fishmeal, animal blood, silkworm pupa, etc., CFN form is 5-13-0000; the crude protein content in the dry matter is less than 20%, and the crude ash content is also low Animal fat is energy feed, such as tallow, etc., CFN form is 4-13-0000; the crude protein content in the dry matter is less than 20%, and the crude fat content is also low, and the purpose of supplementing calcium and phosphorus is mineral feed, such as bone meal, shell powder, etc., CFN form is 6-13-0000.


14. Mineral feed

Minerals for feeds refer to natural minerals that can be used for feeding, such as limestone powder, chemically synthesized inorganic salts, such as copper sulfate, etc., and chelates of organic ligands and metal ions, such as zinc methionine. The CFN form is 6-14-0000. Minerals derived from animal feed also belong to this category, such as bone meal, shell meal, etc., and the CFN form is 6-13-0000.


15. Vitamin feed

Vitamins for feeds refer to single or complex vitamin preparations synthesized or extracted by industry, such as thiamine, riboflavin, choline, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, etc., but do not include natural green and juicy feed rich in vitamins. The CFN form is 7-15-0000.


16. Feed additives

There are two types of feed additives: the purpose of which is to supplement nutrients, ensure or improve feed quality, improve feed utilization, promote animal growth and reproduction, and ensure animal health and incorporate small or micronutrient and non-nutritive substances into feed. If non-nutritive substances such as feed preservatives, feed binders, insect repellent health agents, and microecological preparations are added, the CFN form is 8-16-0000. The industrially synthesized lysine and methionine used for the purpose of supplementing amino acids in the feed also belong to this category, and the CFN form is 5-16-0000.


17. Oil feed and others

Oil, fat for feeds is mainly for the purpose of supplementing energy, belongs to energy feed, CFN form: 4-17-0000. With the continuous improvement of the level of feed scientific research and the emergence of new feed products, new forms of CFN will continue to be added.


Table 4-2 Basis of feed classification in China


Feed category

Feed code

(1, 2, 3 digit encoding)

Moisture

(% of natural moisture)

Fiber

(% dry matter)

Crude protein

(% dry matter)

green feed

foliage

1. Fresh leaves

2. Air-dry leaves

silage

1. Conventional silage

2. Semi-dry silage

3. Grain silage

4. Roots, tubers, melons and fruits

Roots, tubers with natural moisture,

Fruits

2. Dehydrate roots, tubers, melons and fruits

5. Hay grass

1. The first category of hay

2. The second category of hay

3. The third category of hay

6. Agricultural and sideline products

1. The first category of agricultural and sideline products

2. The second category of agricultural and sideline products

3. The third category of agricultural and sideline products

Seventh, Gu Shi

8. Bran

2-01-0000


2-02-0000

1-02-0000


3-03-0000

3-03-0000

4-03-0000



2-04-0000

4-04-0000


l-05-0000

4-05-0000

5-05-0000


1-06-0000

4-06-0000

5-06-0000

4-07-0000




>45


>45


65~75

45~55

28~35



≥45


<15

<15

<15






≥18


<18



<18


≥18

<18

<18


≥18

<18

<18

<18






<20



<20


<20

≥20


<20

≥20

<20






Feed category

Feed code

(1, 2, 3 digit encoding)

Moisture

(% of natural moisture)

Fiber

(% dry matter)

Crude protein

(% dry matter)

1. The first type of bran bran

2. The second type of bran

9. Legumes

1. The first type of legumes

2. The second type of legumes

10. Cake meal

1. The first type of cake meal

2. The second type of cake meal

3. The third type of cake meal

11. Dregs

1. The first type of dregs

2. The second type of dregs

3. The third type of dregs

12. Grass seeds, tree fruits

1. Category 1 - grass seeds, tree fruits

2. The second type of grass seeds, tree fruits

3. The third type of grass seeds, tree fruits

13. Animal feed

1. The first type of animal feed

2. The second type of animal feed

3. The third type of animal feed

14. Mineral feed

15. Vitamin feed

16. Feed additives

17. Oil feed and others

4-08-0000

1-08-0000


5-09-0000

4-09-0000


5-10-0000

1-10-0000

4-08-0000


1-11-0000

4-11-0000

5-1l-0000


1-12-0000

4-12-0000

5-12-0000


5-13-0000

4-13-0000

6-13-0000

6-14-0000

7-15-0000

8-16-0000

4-17-0000










<18

≥18


<18

<18


<18

≥18

<18


≥18

<18

<18


≥18

<18

<18




<20


≥20

<20


≥20

≥20

<20


<20

>20


<20

≥20


≥20

<20

<20